Samovar Tula and inseparable. In every corner of Russia and far beyond its borders can be found Tula samovar. Tula craftsmen centuries forged the weapons and did samovars. This is the traditional crafts of the Tula region, as harmony production Belevsky lace and candy and much more. Everyone knows that the samovar - a device for making hot water. Sam cooks "- hence the word occurred. Himself samovar could not appear in any other country. There are in China, where he was introduced to Russia, tea, related device, which also have a pipe and ash-pit. But this is not a samovar anywhere else, though, because in other countries with boiling water once brewed tea, much like coffee.

Unknown name of the inventor of the samovar. We only know that, going to the Urals in 1701, Tula smith-industrialist I. Demidov took with him and skilled workers, copper workers. Perhaps that was already produced in Tula samovar. The appearance of the first, documented, in Tula samovar following is known. In 1778 the street bayonet charge that Zarechye, brothers Ivan and Nazar Lisitsyn samovar made in a small, initially, the first in the city samovar institution. The founder of the institution was their father, a gunsmith Fedor Lisitsyn, who in his free time at an arms factory, built his own studio and practiced in it all kinds of work on copper. Samovar Lisitsyn famous variety of shapes and finishes: barrels, vases with engraving, samovars ovoid, with cranes in the form of a dolphin, with looping handles. Tula samovar museum boasts the oldest samovar Lisitsyn.

Basil Lomov, along with his brother Ivan produced samovars high quality, on 1000 - 1200 units per year, and received high acclaim. Samovar then sold on the weight and cost: brass - 64 rubles per pood of copper - 90 rubles per pood. Tula samovars penetrated all corners of Russia, became a decoration fairs. Every year from May 25 to June 10 from Tula on the river Oka (Oka to samovars was carried on horseback) samovars crossed over to the Nizhniy Novgorod fair. River Path had a number of advantages: it was cheaper, and the samovar with this method of transportation is better preserved. When transporting samovars packed in boxes, boxes that can hold a dozen products in various sizes and styles, and sold by weight. Dozen samovars weighed over 4 pounds and cost 90 rubles. The heavier the samovar, the more expensive.

Despite the difference in design and decoration, the device samovars all the same.
Each samovar consists of the following components: walls, the pitcher circle, neck, pan, handles, repeyka, stem, tap, branch bottom, bars, dushnichka, podshishek, wooden pridelok, plates and plugs. It was difficult to master the craft samovarschika. For the wall (shell) cut a certain amount of brass, then it rolled into a cylinder, and this form were directed to the twelve steps. Brass on the one hand notched teeth and then a hammer was fixed by connecting seam, after esamovartogo carried to the forge. Then the master (navodilschik) repeating operations clamped seam with a hammer and file and each time I fixed the annealing in the smithy. Inventory samovarschika passed from father to son, as well as the wear was replaced by a new one. The amount for the purchase of a set of tools subjected to large fluctuations depending on the chosen specialty in the production foreman. For example, a set of working-navodilschika cost 60 rubles. The set includes several Kobylin Stoinov, files, scissors, razgranki forms for the style, the bay horse and hammers.

The main material for samovars were: copper green (brass), red (an alloy of copper -50 - 63% and zinc -37-50%), red brass (an alloy of copper and zinc -85-90% -10-15%). Sometimes samovars silver, gold, and even made from silver and nickel silver (an alloy of copper -50 - 60%, zinc and nickel -19-39% -13-18%). Samovarov of tombac were manufactured in 10 times more than the red (an alloy of copper and zinc -50-63% -37-50%). Being more expensive, more beautiful, luxurious, they were going home nobility. In 1850 pinchbeck samovar cost 25-30 rubles thing, depending on the finish. But the bulk of the samovar made from green copper. Complex and multifaceted process of manufacturing "Tula miracle", which was 12 receptions. In manufacturing there was a strict division of labor. There were almost no cases where the master has made a completely whole samovar.

Samovar and parts for them were made not only in Thule, but also in the surrounding villages within a radius of about 40 km from the city. Thus, the population of villages in Lower Prisada, Khrushchev, Banin, aspen mountain, Badgers, Maslov, Sergei Mikhalkov, Tula district and village Very well, Torchkovo, Skorovarovo and Glinische Alexinsky County from generation to generation has focused on the samovar fishing. Manufacturing wall samovar, a master of getting raw materials from the manufacturer, by weight, the weight is kept at the samovar. The work was conducted in residential cottages all year round except in summer time, when it came to field work. We were engaged in craft samovar and whole families, and alone. Each samovarschika for manufacturing wall samovar was his style. Circles, plates, trays, plugs and neck most commonly produced cast - did artisanal-founders of the residues of copper and bullet cartridges. Overall, this production employed 4-5 thousand artisans and some copper foundries. The highest rise of samovar manufacture in Tula accounts for 1880. In connection with the development of capitalism samovar factories arose in the form of capitalist manufacture with hired laborers. Over the centuries, changed styles samovars. By the end of XIX century their number reached 165. With such a diverse nature of production process is fully mechanized impossible. Therefore, almost invariably been the instruments of labor: Kobylin in the form of iron bars with a thickening at the ends of the wall for forging a samovar, a weight of up to two pounds each; stall or vertical Kobylina for forging samosamovarvarov smooth, rounded to a samovar, the bay horse for razgranki samovar; soldering irons for soldering pitcher with housing samovar; metal-cutting shears, anvil, hammer kits, stamps for stamping samovar iron molds to form a samovar.

Samovar used not only at home, he took the road, on the promenade. For the same purpose using road samovars. These samovars unusual in form, easy to carry (removable legs screwed screws, pens adjacent to the wall). In form they are multifaceted, cubical, sometimes cylindrical. In the late XIX - early XX century, there are new types of samovars - kerosene, samovar "Parichko and brass samovar factory Chernikov with your pipe side. In the latest such device increased the movement of air and facilitate speedy boiling water. In 1977, mastered a new kind of samovar - combined. It is a combination of flame and electric samovar, a capacity of 5 liters. You can boil, and with electricity, and charcoal, a torch. Fine and a samovar in the apartment and dacha, on nature.